It is a structured medical assessment to identify factors that may be affecting conception. It commonly includes reproductive history, assessment of ovulation and reproductive anatomy, and semen analysis when applicable.

Infertility is commonly defined as failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected intercourse. Evaluation may be appropriate earlier depending on age, history, symptoms, or reproductive circumstances.

Yes, when both partners are contributing to conception, assessment should generally occur in parallel. This helps avoid unnecessary delays and recognises that factors may be male-related, female-related, combined, or unexplained.

In the absence of known risk factors, evaluation is generally considered after 12 months of trying under age 35, after 6 months at age 35 or older, and more promptly for those over 40. Individual circumstances may change this timing.

Yes. Earlier consultation may be appropriate with irregular or absent periods, known reproductive conditions, prior gonadotoxic treatment, suspected male-factor infertility, sexual dysfunction, or other relevant concerns.

The clinician reviews medical and reproductive history, menstrual patterns, prior pregnancies and treatments, medications, symptoms, and relevant lifestyle or family history. Examination and tests are selected according to the findings.

Many parts, such as history-taking, blood tests, ultrasound, and semen analysis, are not usually painful, although experiences vary. Some procedures, including HSG, can cause temporary cramping or discomfort. Ask your clinic what to expect.

It is a laboratory test that examines semen characteristics and sperm parameters such as concentration, motility, and morphology. It is a key initial test in male-factor evaluation.

No. Results need to be interpreted in context and may vary between samples. Further testing, repeat analysis, or specialist review may be recommended based on the pattern of abnormalities.

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a blood test that can contribute to assessment of ovarian reserve and help guide ovarian stimulation planning. It does not independently predict whether natural conception will occur.

AFC is an ultrasound-based count of small follicles in the ovaries. It can help estimate ovarian response to stimulation and is interpreted alongside age, AMH, and the broader clinical picture.

AMH is not a standalone test of natural fertility. It is one component of assessment and should not be used in isolation to determine whether pregnancy is possible.

Hysterosalpingography is an imaging test that uses contrast and X-rays to assess the uterine cavity and whether the fallopian tubes appear open. Your clinician will explain preparation, timing, risks, and alternatives.

No. Tubal testing is selected according to medical history, risk factors, and the planned treatment. A clinician can explain whether HSG or another test is appropriate.

It can assess the uterus, endometrium, ovaries, and selected pelvic structures. It may identify findings that need further assessment, but not every cause of infertility can be diagnosed by ultrasound alone.

Menstrual history is often the starting point. When needed, assessment may include ovulation predictor kits, appropriately timed progesterone measurement, or ultrasound monitoring.

Regular cycles are often consistent with ovulation, but history is interpreted in context. Additional testing may be considered when symptoms or clinical findings raise a concern.

Tests are tailored to the clinical picture. TSH may be considered for thyroid assessment, while prolactin, androgens, FSH, estradiol, or other tests may be used when specific symptoms or findings indicate them.

Not usually. It may be indicated with symptoms or findings such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, or oligomenorrhea, or when the clinician otherwise suspects a prolactin-related disorder.

PCOS can be associated with irregular ovulation and difficulty conceiving. Assessment considers menstrual history, symptoms, examination, and appropriate investigations; management depends on individual needs.

Yes. Tubal obstruction or damage can interfere with the meeting of egg and sperm or affect reproductive outcomes. Testing and treatment depend on the location and extent of the problem.

Endometriosis may be associated with reduced fertility in some patients. The significance depends on symptoms, disease extent, age, ovarian reserve, and other factors.

It is a term used when standard evaluation does not identify a specific cause. It does not mean that the difficulty is imaginary; it means available routine tests have not revealed a clear explanation.

No. Genetic testing is generally selected for specific indications, such as certain severe sperm abnormalities, relevant family history, or other clinical findings. A specialist can explain when it may be useful.

They are not generally recommended as a universal first-line test for every infertility evaluation. A clinician may consider specialised testing in selected circumstances.

Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake, obesity, some medications, and certain exposures have been associated with reproductive effects. Discuss practical, evidence-based changes with your clinician without assuming lifestyle is the sole cause.

Many causes have management options, but the appropriate approach and expected outcomes vary. Treatment may involve addressing an underlying condition, fertility medicines, surgery in selected cases, IUI, IVF, or other options.

Not necessarily. IVF is one of several possible treatments. Recommendations depend on the findings, age, duration of infertility, previous treatment, and personal preferences.

The timeline varies with cycle timing, appointment availability, investigations, and whether additional assessment is needed. Your clinic can outline the likely sequence and timing for your situation.

Bring previous investigation reports, treatment records, a medication list, relevant medical or surgical history, and details of menstrual cycles or prior pregnancies where applicable. Write down your questions and concerns so they can be discussed.